1. Describe the phylogeny for homonids in terms of the origins of bipedalism and brain size. Which came first: bipedalism or brain size increase? Which is the key innovation?
2. What is an exaptation? Discuss the evolution of brain size, bipedalism, and opposable thumbs in terms of exaptations and key innovations? When did tool use evolve relative to brain size evolution?
3. Discuss the allometry arguments for the diversification of brain size in lineages of apes, australopithecus, and homo (supply a graph with correctly labeled axes). Which lineage has relatively larger brains and why? What is the neotenic theory for the evolution and development of large brains.
4. Draw two phylogenies to compare and contrast Out-of-Africa origins of Mitochondrial Eve, and the Multi-Regional Theory for evolution and diversification of homo.