Biology 20C - Fall 1998
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Slides - Early Life; Climate and Biomes
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A. EARLY FORMS of LIFE |
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1 |
Elkhorn Slough CA |
Intertidal mud flat - microbial film |
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2 |
Hot Creek, Mammoth CA |
Geothermal pool - cyanobacterial mat |
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3 |
El Salvador |
Geothermal stream - bacterial/algal zonation across temperature gradient |
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4 |
Makatea, French Polynesia |
Nostoc - terrestrial cyanobacteria |
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5 |
Africa, Europe |
Clouds from space - ITCZ, mid-latitude deserts (Sahara, Kalahari), sub-polar convergences (Europe, South Africa) |
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6 |
Map - world |
Global climatic zones - latitudinal bands modified by gyres, mountains |
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7 |
Greenland |
Icecap and polar desert - "lifeless" |
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8 |
Antarctica |
Icecap and polar desert - looks like 7 -"lifeless" |
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9 |
White Mountains CA |
Alpine "tundra" desert - sparse vegetation, rocky |
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10 |
Taylor Valley, Antarctica |
Rocky polar desert - minimal encrusting microorganisms |
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11 |
Sierra Nevada CA |
Alpine desert - lichens |
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12 |
Cape Crozier, Antarctica |
Polar rocky desert - looks like 11 - lichens |
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13 |
Death Valley CA |
Mid-latitude rocky desert - looks like 12 -desert "varnish" |
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14 |
Mohave Desert CA |
Mid-latitude desert - winter rain - sparse annual plants |
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15 |
Owens Valley CA |
Sandy desert - summer thunderstorms -sparse shrubs |
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16 |
Ayers Rock, Australia |
Red desert - red rock, soil; continuous shrubs |
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17 |
Nevada |
Red desert - looks like 16 - red rock, soil; continuous shrubs |
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18 |
Joshua Tree CA |
Cactus desert - equal spacing |
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19 |
Death Valley CA |
Rock canyons - no plants |
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20 |
Death Valley CA |
Salt lake - no plants |
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21 |
Skye, Scotland |
Wet, well drained, polar tundra - perrenial grasses; glacial scouring |
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22 |
Southwest Tasmania |
Wet, well drained, alpine tundra - perrenial grasses |
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23 |
Central Australia |
Semi-arid - short grasses; sheep grazing |
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24 |
East Colorado |
Short-grass prairie - pronghorn antelope |
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25 |
West Kansas |
Medium prairie - bison |
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26 |
East Kansas |
Long-grass prairie |
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27 |
Lake District, England |
Temperate wet grasslands - blackfaced sheep |
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28 |
Owens Valley CA |
Seasonal desert grassland - in spring |
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29 |
Kansas |
Prairie fire |
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30 |
Florida |
Grassy marsh |
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31 |
Lae, Papua New Guinea |
Tropical wet grassland |
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33 |
Southwest Tasmania |
Wet, poorly drained, alpine tundra - heath and shrubs |
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34 |
Quebec |
Wet, poorly drained, northern tundra - heath and Sphagnum moss |
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35 |
Quebec |
Sphagnum moss bog |
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36 |
Owens Valley CA |
Sagebush high desert |
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37 |
Santa Barbara CA |
Chaparral - "Mediterranean" perrenial shrublands |
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38 |
Port au Royal, Baja California |
Coastal chaparral |
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39 |
Elkhorn Slough CA |
Tidal marsh - pickleweed (Salicornia) |
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40 |
Sierra Nevada CA |
Taiga - northern coniferous forest |
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42 |
Canberra, Australia |
Eucalyptus - dry temperate, open forest |
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43 |
Serengeti, Kenya |
Savanna - tropical grassland and scattered trees - elephant |
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44 |
Serengeti, Kenya |
Savanna - tropical thornbush (Acacia); without elephant |
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45 |
Queensland, Australia |
Savanna - subtropical inland Eucalyptus forest |
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46 |
Queensland, Australia |
Savanna - subtropical coastal Eucalyptus forest |
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47 |
Russian River CA |
Deciduous forest (mixed - riverine) - closed canopy |
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48 |
Olympia Peninsula WA |
Deciduous forest (alder) - open canopy; low, dense ground cover |
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49 |
Yosemite CA |
Deciduous forest (sycamore) - open; dense ground cover, bushes - deer |
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50 |
South Johnston R., Australia |
Tropical rainforest - closed canopy |
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51 |
Costa Rica |
Tropical rainforest - river margin, canoe; multiple layers |
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52 |
Daintree, Australia |
Tropical rainforest - closed canopy with emergent trees |
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53 |
Costa Rica |
Tropical rainforest - looking up through dark, closed canopy |
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54 |
Daintree, Australia |
Tropical rainforest - road with multiple tree layers |
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55 |
La Selva, Costa Rica |
Tropical rainforest - stream; multiple layers; dense ground cover; epiphytes |
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56 |
Madang, Papua New Guinea |
Tropical rainforest - disturbed river bank; village; coconut trees |
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57 |
Lamington Plateau, Australia |
Tropical rainforest - fallen tree; shallow root system; light break |
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58 |
Lamington Plateau, Australia |
Tropical rainforest - same fallen tree; trunk with epiphytes; dark under trees |
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59 |
La Selva, Costa Rica |
Tropical rainforest - opening under old trees; little undergrowth (ferns, mosses) |
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