A. GENERAL

1

World - map

Aedes egyptii- observed & expected distributions

2

North America - map

Quail, grouse distributions - non-overlapping

3

Australia

Kangaroos - climatic "niches"

4

Australia - map

Kangaroo spp. - distributions

5

Maps

Moss - scales of distribution

6

North America

Moss - observed & expected distributions

7

Graph

Human temperature-humidity niche

B. TIMBERLINES

8

CA: Sierra Nevada

Lake Ediza timberline

9

Table

Timberline - physical/chemical factors

10

CA: Sierra Nevada; Le Conte

Timberline from above

11

Australia, Snowy Mts.

Eucalyptus timberline - closeup

12

Australia, Snowy Mts

Eucalyptus transplants - competition experiment

13

Australia, Snowy Mts

Eucalyptus transplants - established seedling

14

Australia, Snowy Mts

Eucalyptus - valley timberline ("frost hollow")

15

CA: Sierra Nevada

Seedlings in "frost hollow"

16

CA: Sierra Nevada

Alpine meadow marsh (not a frost hollow)

C. ROCKY INTERTIDAL

17

Scotland

Zonation on wall - barnacles and algae

18

New Zealand

Intertidal quadrat (unconfined)

19

New Zealand

Transplants: barrier of fouling paint (confined)

20

New Zealand

Transplants: pool; transplanted cobbles+barnacles

21

New Zealand

Transplants: three stainless steel cage treatments

22

New Zealand

Transplants: "Codominiums"

23

WA: Friday Harbor

Joseph Connell with cages

24

Scotland

Diagram - simplified experimental results

D. HISTORICAL and DISPERSAL

25

Map: South America

Pleistocene/Recent rainforests

26

Map: North America

American chestnut

27

Map: North Pacific

Sockeye salmon

E. BEHAVIOR and HABITAT RECOGNITION

28

Antarctica: Cape Crozier

Emperor penquin chicks

29

NY: Ithaca

Red-winged blackbird territory

F. COMPETITION

30

Graph: New Guinea

Exclusive distributions of montane birds

31

Guatamala

Marshes and floating vegetation

32

Guatamala

Marshes and floating vegetation - closeup

33

CA:

Chaparral bare zones (allelopathy)

G. PREDATION and HERBIVORY

34

Australia; Adelaide

Snail fences; mammal cages

35

Australia, Canberra

Grasslands - diverse

36

Australia, Canberra

Transplant cores - planting

37

Australia, Canberra

Transplant cores - with insect cage

38

Australia, Canberra

Transplant cores - results (cage; partial cage; no cage)

39

AZ: San Francisco Peaks

Aspen and deer browse line

40

CA: Sierra foothills

Klamath weed Hypericum - before beetle

41

CA: Sierra foothills

Klamath weed Hypericum - after beetle

H. RESOURCES

42

CA: Santa Cruz I.;The Willows

Water limitation

43

Egypt: Suez Canal

Water limitation

44

Guatamala

Chemotrophic bacteria; nutrient limitation

45

CA: Sierra Nevada

Ground squirrel; lookout sites

46

Antarctica: McMurdo Sound

Weddell Seals; cracks

47

Australia: near Brisbane

Termites, fence posts; food limitation

I. PHYSICAL or CHEMICAL GRADIENTS

48

Galapagos

Ridge crest aspects; heat and water

49

KS: Konza

Prairie with bushes along joints, and wet beds

50

Guatamala

Bacterial/algae; thermal gradient

J. DISTURBANCES

51

KS: Konza

Fire in prairie (excludes trees)

52

Tasmania: Frenchman's Cap

Fire: 1912 dead trees in 1960s

53

WY: Yellowstone

Geysers

54

Australia: Mt. Kosciusko

Wombat burrows

55

CA: Point Lobos

Indian paint brush; path

56

HI:

Lava flow and roads