Antarctic
papers
Davis,
R.W., Polasek, L., Watson, R., Fuson, A., Williams, T.M., and Kanatous,
S.B. (2004) The diving
paradox: new insights into the role of the dive response in air-breathing
vertebrates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
Part A 138: 263-268. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Fuiman, L.A., Horning, M., and Davis, R.W. (2004)
The cost of foraging by a marine predator, the Weddell seal
Leptonychotes weddellii: pricing by the stroke.
Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 973-982. (pdf)
Davis,
R.W., Fuiman, L.A., Williams, T.M., and Horning, M. (2003)
Classification of Weddell seal dives based on three-dimensional
movements and video recorded observations.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 264: 109-112. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M. (2003) Sunbathing seals of Antarctica. Natural History
112: 50-55.
Fuiman,
L.A., Davis, R.W., and Williams, T.M. (2002)
Behavior of midwater fishes under the Antarctic fast ice: observations
by a predator. Marine Biology 140: 815-822. (pdf)
Kanatous,
S.B., Davis, R.W., Watson, R., Polasek, L., Williams, T.M., and Mathieu-Costello,
O. (2002) Aerobic capacities in the skeletal muscles of Weddell seals:
key to longer dive durations?
Journal of Experimental Biology 205:3601-3608. (pdf)
Davis,
R.W., Fuiman, L.A., Williams, T.M., Collier, S.O., Hagey, W.P., Kanatous,
S.B., Kohin, S., and Horning, M. (1999) Hunting behavior of a marine mammal beneath
the Antarctic fast ice. Science
283: 993-996. (pdf)
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Comparative
papers
Burns,
J.M., Williams, T.M., Secor, S.M., Owen-Smith, N., Bargmann, N.A.,
and Castellini, M.A. (2006) New insights into the physiology of natural
foraging. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 79(2): 242-249.
(pdf)
Estes,
J.A., Danner, E.M., Doak, D.F., Konar, B., Springer, A.M., Steinberg,
P.D., Tinker, M.T., and Williams, T.M. (2004) Complex trophic interactions
in kelp forest ecosystems. Bulletin of Marine Science 74(3):
621-638. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Estes, J.A., Doak, D.F., and Springer, A.M. (2004) Killer appetites:
Assessing the role of predators in ecological communities. Ecology
85(12): 3373-3384. (pdf)
Springer,
A.M., Estes, J.A., van Vliet, G.B., Williams, T.M., Doak, D.F., Danner,
E.M., Forney, K.A., and Pfister, B. (2003)
Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean:
An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(21):
12223-12228. (pdf)
Noren,
S.R., Williams, T.M., Pabst, D.A., McLellan, W.A., and Dearolf, J.L.
(2001) The development
of diving in marine endotherms: preparing the skeletal muscles of
dolphins, penguins, and seals for activity during submergence. Journal of Comparative Physiology –
B, Biochemical, Systemic, & Environmental Physiology 171:
127-134. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M. (2001) Intermittent swimming by mammals: a strategy for increasing
energetic efficiency during diving.
American Zoologist 41: 166-176. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Haun, J., Davis, R.W., Fuiman, L.A., and Kohin, S. (2001)
A killer appetite: metabolic consequences of carnivory in marine
mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
Part A 129: 785-796. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Davis, R.W., Fuiman, L.A., Francis, J., LeBoeuf, B.J., Horning,
M., Calambokidis, J., and Croll, D.A. (2000) Sink or swim: Strategies for cost-efficient
diving by marine mammals. Science
288: 133-136. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M. (1999) The evolution of cost-efficient swimming in marine mammals:
Limits to energetic optimization.
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 354: 193-201. (pdf)
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Dolphins
and whales
Noren,
S.R., Cuccurullo, V., and Williams, T.M. (2004) The development of
diving bradycardia in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).
Journal of Comparative Physiology B 174: 139-147. (pdf)
Noren,
S.R., Lacave, G., Wells, R.S., and Williams, T.M. (2002)
The development of blood oxygen store in bottlenose dolphins
(Tursiops truncatus): implications for diving capacity.
Journal of Zoology, London 258: 105-113. (pdf)
Noren,
S. R., Lacave, G., Wells, R. S., and Williams, T. M. (2000)
Development of blood oxygen stores in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus). American Zoologist 40(6): 1152.
Noren, S.R. and Williams, T.M. (2000) Body size and skeletal muscle myoglobin
of cetaceans: adaptations for maximizing dive duration. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
Part A 126: 181-191. (pdf)
Noren, D.P., Williams, T.M., Berry, P., and Butler,
E. (1999) Thermoregulation
during swimming and diving in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B
169: 93-99. (pdf)
Skrovan, R.C., Williams, T.M., Berry, P.S., Moore,
P.W., and Davis, R.W. (1999)
The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus),
II. Biomechanics and changes in buoyancy at depth. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2749-2761. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Haun, J.E., and Friedl, W.A. (1999)
The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus),
I. Balancing the demands of exercise for energy conservation at depth. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2739-2748. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Noren, D., Berry, P., Estes, J.A.,
Allison, C., and Kirtland, J. (1999)
The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus),
III. Thermoregulation at depth.
Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2763-2769. (pdf)
Shaffer, S.A., Costa, D.P., Williams, T.M., and Ridgway,
S.H. (1997) Diving and
swimming performance of white whales, Delphinapterus leucas:
An assessment of plasma lactate and blood gas levels and respiratory
rates. Journal of Experimental Biology
200: 3091-3099. (pdf)
Pabst, D.A., Rommel, A., McLellan, W.A., Williams,
T.M., and Rowles, T.K. (1995) Thermoregulation of the intra-abdominal
testes of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) during
exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology 198: 221-226. (pdf)
Rommel, S.A., Pabst, D.A., McLellan, W.A., Williams,
T.M., and Friedl, W.A. (1994) Temperature regulation of the testes
of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): evidence
from colonic temperatures. Journal of Comparative Physiology B
164: 130-134. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Friedl, W.A., and Haun, J.E. (1993)
The physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus):
Heart rate, metabolic rate and plasma lactate concentration during
exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology 179: 31-46. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Friedl, W.A., Fong, M.L., Yamada,
R., Sedivy, P., and Haun, J.E. (1992) Travel at low energetic cost
by swimming and wave-riding bottlenose dolphins. Nature 355:
821-823. (pdf)
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Pinnipeds
Liwanag, H.E.M., Williams, T.M., Costa, D.P., Kanatous, S.B., Davis, R.W., and Boyd, I.L. (2009) The effects of water temperature on the energetic costs of juvenile and adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): the importance of skeletal muscle thermogenesis for thermal balance. Journal of Experimental Biology 212: 3977-3984. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Rutishauser, M., Long, B., Fink, T., Gafney, J., Mostman-Liwanag,
H., and Casper, D. (2007) Seasonal variability in otariid energetics:
Implications for the effects of predators on localized prey resources.
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 80(4): 433-443. (pdf)
Rutishauser,
M.R., Costa, D.P., Goebel, M.E., and Williams, T.M. (2004) Ecological
implications of body composition and thermal capabilities in young
Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). Physiological
and Biochemical Zoology 77(4): 669-681. (pdf)
Noren,
D.P., Crocker, D.E., Williams, T.M., and Costa, D.P. (2003)
Energy reserve utilization in northern elephant seal (Mirounga
angustirostris) pups during the postweaning fast: size does matter. Journal of Comparative Physiology – B, Biochemical,
Systemic, & Environmental Physiology 173: 443-454. (pdf)
Davis, R.W., Fuiman, L.A., Williams, T.M., and Le Boeuf,
B.J. (2001) Three-dimensional
movements and swimming activity of a northern elephant seal.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular and
Integrative Physiology 129:759-770. (pdf)
Noren, D. P. and Williams, T. M. (2000) Effects of environmental regime and body
condition on resting metabolic rates in northern elephant seal pups:
Does RMR measured in ambient air represent true RMR? American Zoologist 40(6): 1151-1152.
Kohin, S., Williams, T.M., and Ortiz, C.L. (1999)
Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on aerobic metabolic processes
in northern elephant seals. Respiration Physiology 117: 59-72.
(pdf)
Boyd, I.L., Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J., Davis, R.W.,
and Williams, T.M. (1995) Validation of heart rate and doubly labelled
water as measures of metabolic rate during swimming in California
sea lions. Functional Ecology 9(2): 151-160. (pdf)
Castellini, M.A., Davis, R.W., Loughlin, T.R.,
and Williams, T.M. (1993) Blood chemistries and body condition of
Steller sea lion pups at Marmot Island, Alaska. Marine Mammal
Science 9(2): 202-208.
Davis, R.W., Castellini, M.A., Williams, T.M.,
and Kooyman, G.L. (1991) Fuel homeostasis in the harbor seal during
submerged swimming. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 160:
627-635. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Kooyman, G.L., and Croll, D.A. (1991)
The effect of submergence on heart rate and oxygen consumption
of swimming seals and sea lions. Journal of Comparative Physiology
– B, Biochemical, Systemic, & Environmental Physiology
160(6): 637-644. (pdf)
Davis, R.W., Williams, T.M., and Kooyman, G.L.
(1985) Swimming metabolism of yearling and adult harbor seals Phoca
vitulina. Physiological Zoology 58(5): 590-596.
Williams, T.M. and Kooyman, G.L. (1985) Swimming performance and hydrodynamic
characteristics of harbor seals Phoca vitulina. Physiological Zoology 58(5): 576-589.
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Otters
and mink
Yeates,
L.C., Williams, T.M., and Fink, T.L. (2007) Diving and foraging energetics
of the smallest marine mammal, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris).
Journal of Experimental Biology 210: 1960-1970. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Ben-David, M., Noren, S., Rutishauser, M., McDonald, K., and
Heyward, W. (2002) Running energetics of the North American river otter: do short
legs necessarily reduce efficiency on land? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 133:
203-212. (pdf)
Ben-David, M., Williams, T.M., and Ormseth, O.A. (2000)
Effects of oiling on exercise physiology and diving behavior
of river otters: a captive study. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:
1380-1390. (pdf)
Estes, J.A., Tinker, M.T., Williams, T.M., and Doak,
D.F. (1998) Killer whale
predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems. Science 282: 473-476. (pdf)
Williams, T.M. (1989) Swimming by sea otters:
adaptations for low energetic cost locomotion. Journal of Comparative
Physiology A 164: 815-824. (pdf)
Davis, R.W., Williams, T.M., Thomas, J.A., Kastelein,
R.A., and Cronell, L.H. (1988) The effects of oil contamination and
cleaning on sea otters (Enhydra lutris). 2. Metabolism, thermoregulation,
and behavior. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(12): 2782-2790.
Williams, T.M., Kastelein, R.A., Davis, R.W., and Thomas,
J.A. (1988) The effects
of oil contamination and cleaning in sea otters (Enhydra lutris). 1. Thermoregulatory implications based on pelt studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(12): 2776-2781.
Williams, T.M. (1986) Thermoregulation of the North American mink during rest and
activity in the aquatic environment.
Physiological Zoology 59(3): 293-305.
Williams, T.M. (1983) Locomotion in the North American mink, a semi-aquatic mammal.
I. Swimming energetics and body drag. Journal of Experimental Biology 103: 155-168. (pdf)
Williams, T.M. (1983) Locomotion in the North American mink, a semi-aquatic mammal.
II. The effect of an elongate body on running energetics and gait
patterns. Journal of Experimental Biology 105: 283-295. (pdf)
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Terrestrial
mammals
Williams,
T.M., Dobson, G.P., Mathieu-Costello, O., Morsbach, D., Worley, M.B.,
and Phillips, J.A. (1997) Skeletal muscle histology and biochemistry of an elite sprinter,
the African cheetah. Journal
of Comparative Physiology B 167: 527-535. (pdf)
Williams, T.M. (1990) Heat transfer in elephants: Thermal partitioning based on skin
temparature profiles. Journal of Zoology, London 222: 234-245.