Antarctic
papers
Davis,
R.W., Polasek, L., Watson, R., Fuson, A., Williams, T.M., and Kanatous,
S.B. (2004) The diving
paradox: new insights into the role of the dive response in air-breathing
vertebrates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
Part A 138: 263-268. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Fuiman, L.A., Horning, M., and Davis, R.W. (2004)
The cost of foraging by a marine predator, the Weddell seal
Leptonychotes weddellii: pricing by the stroke.
Journal of Experimental Biology 207: 973-982. (pdf)
Davis,
R.W., Fuiman, L.A., Williams, T.M., and Horning, M. (2003)
Classification of Weddell seal dives based on three-dimensional
movements and video recorded observations.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 264: 109-112. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M. (2003) Sunbathing seals of Antarctica. Natural History
112: 50-55.
Fuiman,
L.A., Davis, R.W., and Williams, T.M. (2002)
Behavior of midwater fishes under the Antarctic fast ice: observations
by a predator. Marine Biology 140: 815-822. (pdf)
Kanatous,
S.B., Davis, R.W., Watson, R., Polasek, L., Williams, T.M., and Mathieu-Costello,
O. (2002) Aerobic capacities in the skeletal muscles of Weddell seals:
key to longer dive durations?
Journal of Experimental Biology 205:3601-3608. (pdf)
Davis,
R.W., Fuiman, L.A., Williams, T.M., Collier, S.O., Hagey, W.P., Kanatous,
S.B., Kohin, S., and Horning, M. (1999) Hunting behavior of a marine mammal beneath
the Antarctic fast ice. Science
283: 993-996. (pdf)
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Comparative
papers
Burns,
J.M., Williams, T.M., Secor, S.M., Owen-Smith, N., Bargmann, N.A.,
and Castellini, M.A. (2006) New insights into the physiology of natural
foraging. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 79(2): 242-249.
(pdf)
Estes,
J.A., Danner, E.M., Doak, D.F., Konar, B., Springer, A.M., Steinberg,
P.D., Tinker, M.T., and Williams, T.M. (2004) Complex trophic interactions
in kelp forest ecosystems. Bulletin of Marine Science 74(3):
621-638. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Estes, J.A., Doak, D.F., and Springer, A.M. (2004) Killer appetites:
Assessing the role of predators in ecological communities. Ecology
85(12): 3373-3384. (pdf)
Springer,
A.M., Estes, J.A., van Vliet, G.B., Williams, T.M., Doak, D.F., Danner,
E.M., Forney, K.A., and Pfister, B. (2003)
Sequential megafaunal collapse in the North Pacific Ocean:
An ongoing legacy of industrial whaling?
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100(21):
12223-12228. (pdf)
Noren,
S.R., Williams, T.M., Pabst, D.A., McLellan, W.A., and Dearolf, J.L.
(2001) The development
of diving in marine endotherms: preparing the skeletal muscles of
dolphins, penguins, and seals for activity during submergence. Journal of Comparative Physiology –
B, Biochemical, Systemic, & Environmental Physiology 171:
127-134. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M. (2001) Intermittent swimming by mammals: a strategy for increasing
energetic efficiency during diving.
American Zoologist 41: 166-176. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Haun, J., Davis, R.W., Fuiman, L.A., and Kohin, S. (2001)
A killer appetite: metabolic consequences of carnivory in marine
mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
Part A 129: 785-796. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Davis, R.W., Fuiman, L.A., Francis, J., LeBoeuf, B.J., Horning,
M., Calambokidis, J., and Croll, D.A. (2000) Sink or swim: Strategies for cost-efficient
diving by marine mammals. Science
288: 133-136. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M. (1999) The evolution of cost-efficient swimming in marine mammals:
Limits to energetic optimization.
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 354: 193-201. (pdf)
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Dolphins
and whales
Noren,
S.R., Cuccurullo, V., and Williams, T.M. (2004) The development of
diving bradycardia in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).
Journal of Comparative Physiology B 174: 139-147. (pdf)
Noren,
S.R., Lacave, G., Wells, R.S., and Williams, T.M. (2002)
The development of blood oxygen store in bottlenose dolphins
(Tursiops truncatus): implications for diving capacity.
Journal of Zoology, London 258: 105-113. (pdf)
Noren,
S. R., Lacave, G., Wells, R. S., and Williams, T. M. (2000)
Development of blood oxygen stores in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops
truncatus). American Zoologist 40(6): 1152.
Noren, S.R. and Williams, T.M. (2000) Body size and skeletal muscle myoglobin
of cetaceans: adaptations for maximizing dive duration. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
Part A 126: 181-191. (pdf)
Noren, D.P., Williams, T.M., Berry, P., and Butler,
E. (1999) Thermoregulation
during swimming and diving in bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Comparative Physiology B
169: 93-99. (pdf)
Skrovan, R.C., Williams, T.M., Berry, P.S., Moore,
P.W., and Davis, R.W. (1999)
The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus),
II. Biomechanics and changes in buoyancy at depth. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2749-2761. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Haun, J.E., and Friedl, W.A. (1999)
The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus),
I. Balancing the demands of exercise for energy conservation at depth. Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2739-2748. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Noren, D., Berry, P., Estes, J.A.,
Allison, C., and Kirtland, J. (1999)
The diving physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus),
III. Thermoregulation at depth.
Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2763-2769. (pdf)
Shaffer, S.A., Costa, D.P., Williams, T.M., and Ridgway,
S.H. (1997) Diving and
swimming performance of white whales, Delphinapterus leucas:
An assessment of plasma lactate and blood gas levels and respiratory
rates. Journal of Experimental Biology
200: 3091-3099. (pdf)
Pabst, D.A., Rommel, A., McLellan, W.A., Williams,
T.M., and Rowles, T.K. (1995) Thermoregulation of the intra-abdominal
testes of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) during
exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology 198: 221-226. (pdf)
Rommel, S.A., Pabst, D.A., McLellan, W.A., Williams,
T.M., and Friedl, W.A. (1994) Temperature regulation of the testes
of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): evidence
from colonic temperatures. Journal of Comparative Physiology B
164: 130-134. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Friedl, W.A., and Haun, J.E. (1993)
The physiology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus):
Heart rate, metabolic rate and plasma lactate concentration during
exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology 179: 31-46. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Friedl, W.A., Fong, M.L., Yamada,
R., Sedivy, P., and Haun, J.E. (1992) Travel at low energetic cost
by swimming and wave-riding bottlenose dolphins. Nature 355:
821-823. (pdf)
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Pinnipeds
Williams,
T.M., Rutishauser, M., Long, B., Fink, T., Gafney, J., Mostman-Liwanag,
H., and Casper, D. (2007) Seasonal variability in otariid energetics:
Implications for the effects of predators on localized prey resources.
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 80(4): 433-443. (pdf)
Rutishauser,
M.R., Costa, D.P., Goebel, M.E., and Williams, T.M. (2004) Ecological
implications of body composition and thermal capabilities in young
Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). Physiological
and Biochemical Zoology 77(4): 669-681. (pdf)
Noren,
D.P., Crocker, D.E., Williams, T.M., and Costa, D.P. (2003)
Energy reserve utilization in northern elephant seal (Mirounga
angustirostris) pups during the postweaning fast: size does matter. Journal of Comparative Physiology – B, Biochemical,
Systemic, & Environmental Physiology 173: 443-454. (pdf)
Davis, R.W., Fuiman, L.A., Williams, T.M., and Le Boeuf,
B.J. (2001) Three-dimensional
movements and swimming activity of a northern elephant seal.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Molecular and
Integrative Physiology 129:759-770. (pdf)
Noren, D. P. and Williams, T. M. (2000) Effects of environmental regime and body
condition on resting metabolic rates in northern elephant seal pups:
Does RMR measured in ambient air represent true RMR? American Zoologist 40(6): 1151-1152.
Kohin, S., Williams, T.M., and Ortiz, C.L. (1999)
Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on aerobic metabolic processes
in northern elephant seals. Respiration Physiology 117: 59-72.
(pdf)
Boyd, I.L., Woakes, A.J., Butler, P.J., Davis, R.W.,
and Williams, T.M. (1995) Validation of heart rate and doubly labelled
water as measures of metabolic rate during swimming in California
sea lions. Functional Ecology 9(2): 151-160. (pdf)
Castellini, M.A., Davis, R.W., Loughlin, T.R.,
and Williams, T.M. (1993) Blood chemistries and body condition of
Steller sea lion pups at Marmot Island, Alaska. Marine Mammal
Science 9(2): 202-208.
Davis, R.W., Castellini, M.A., Williams, T.M.,
and Kooyman, G.L. (1991) Fuel homeostasis in the harbor seal during
submerged swimming. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 160:
627-635. (pdf)
Williams, T.M., Kooyman, G.L., and Croll, D.A. (1991)
The effect of submergence on heart rate and oxygen consumption
of swimming seals and sea lions. Journal of Comparative Physiology
– B, Biochemical, Systemic, & Environmental Physiology
160(6): 637-644. (pdf)
Davis, R.W., Williams, T.M., and Kooyman, G.L.
(1985) Swimming metabolism of yearling and adult harbor seals Phoca
vitulina. Physiological Zoology 58(5): 590-596.
Williams, T.M. and Kooyman, G.L. (1985) Swimming performance and hydrodynamic
characteristics of harbor seals Phoca vitulina. Physiological Zoology 58(5): 576-589.
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Otters
and mink
Yeates,
L.C., Williams, T.M., and Fink, T.L. (2007) Diving and foraging energetics
of the smallest marine mammal, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris).
Journal of Experimental Biology 210: 1960-1970. (pdf)
Williams,
T.M., Ben-David, M., Noren, S., Rutishauser, M., McDonald, K., and
Heyward, W. (2002) Running energetics of the North American river otter: do short
legs necessarily reduce efficiency on land? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 133:
203-212. (pdf)
Ben-David, M., Williams, T.M., and Ormseth, O.A. (2000)
Effects of oiling on exercise physiology and diving behavior
of river otters: a captive study. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:
1380-1390. (pdf)
Estes, J.A., Tinker, M.T., Williams, T.M., and Doak,
D.F. (1998) Killer whale
predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems. Science 282: 473-476. (pdf)
Williams, T.M. (1989) Swimming by sea otters:
adaptations for low energetic cost locomotion. Journal of Comparative
Physiology A 164: 815-824. (pdf)
Davis, R.W., Williams, T.M., Thomas, J.A., Kastelein,
R.A., and Cronell, L.H. (1988) The effects of oil contamination and
cleaning on sea otters (Enhydra lutris). 2. Metabolism, thermoregulation,
and behavior. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(12): 2782-2790.
Williams, T.M., Kastelein, R.A., Davis, R.W., and Thomas,
J.A. (1988) The effects
of oil contamination and cleaning in sea otters (Enhydra lutris). 1. Thermoregulatory implications based on pelt studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(12): 2776-2781.
Williams, T.M. (1986) Thermoregulation of the North American mink during rest and
activity in the aquatic environment.
Physiological Zoology 59(3): 293-305.
Williams, T.M. (1983) Locomotion in the North American mink, a semi-aquatic mammal.
I. Swimming energetics and body drag. Journal of Experimental Biology 103: 155-168. (pdf)
Williams, T.M. (1983) Locomotion in the North American mink, a semi-aquatic mammal.
II. The effect of an elongate body on running energetics and gait
patterns. Journal of Experimental Biology 105: 283-295. (pdf)
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Terrestrial
mammals
Williams,
T.M., Dobson, G.P., Mathieu-Costello, O., Morsbach, D., Worley, M.B.,
and Phillips, J.A. (1997) Skeletal muscle histology and biochemistry of an elite sprinter,
the African cheetah. Journal
of Comparative Physiology B 167: 527-535. (pdf)
Williams, T.M. (1990) Heat transfer in elephants: Thermal partitioning based on skin
temparature profiles. Journal of Zoology, London 222: 234-245.